Employment Discrimination Laws

Many rules and regulations have been incorporated in employment discrimination laws in the U.S. in order to protect the rights of both employers and employees. Employment discrimination laws prohibiting discrimination in the workplace are enforced by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ("EEOC"). The regulations that make up the employment discrimination laws include, in part: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibiting employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; the Equal Pay Act of 1963 ("EPA"), promoting wage equality for men and women; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 ("ADEA"), providing protection to employees over 40 years of age; Title I and Title V of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ("ADA"), which protects individuals from discrimination based on disabilities; and the Civil Rights Act of 1991, which provides many different protections, including money damages where employment discrimination is determined to have been intentional.

Fast Facts

  • Employment discrimination laws such as the ADA apply to employees in the workplace from the application stage through the time of full and continued employment.
  • Employment discrimination laws generally apply to state and local governments, private employers with at least 15 (to 20) employees, labor unions, and joint labor-management committees and prohibits discrimination against employees with a disability at work.

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